(H2O Dynamics India Limited, Goa)
BTRA Scan – Vol. LIV No.2, April 2025, Page no. 10-17 DOI:10.70225/404067whtkmf
Keywords: Gamma Radiation,radiation processing, sewage sludge, hygienisation, pathogen, FCO, bio fertilizer, heavy radiation dose, metals, agriculture
According to CPCB the status of sewage sludge treatment in India is currently inadequate, with most sludge generated being disposed of in dumpsites due to a lack of proper treatment facilities. Despite recent improvements in overall sewage treatment capacity; only a small percentage of generated sludge is actually treated, highlighting a significant gap in management practices across the country. Radiation Technology provides an excellent route to safely and effectively recycling and agronomically use of sewage sludge. Exposure to Gamma radiation effectively kills microorganisms, weeds and degrade chemicals and reduce smell in the sewage sludge. Two such facilities at Ahmedabad and Indore have been recently established. Incorporation of treated sewage sludge (Biosolids) in Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) would facilitate and make available a safe, effective organic manure/soil conditioner to farmers. The government can save some subsidy on chemical fertilizers and environment is largely benefited w.r.t to disposal of sewage sludge and cleaner water bodies. Besides other associated benefits, one ton per hectare use of treated Biosolids with Bio NPK reduces use of chemical fertilizer to the extent of 20% and provide much needed organic carbon to soil. Use of Biosolids provides a few billions of dollar business (2 to 5) in the US, Europe, Australia and part of Asia. India at present does not have any specific regulations for use of sewage sludge in agriculture and other applications.