Textile manufacturers are extensively working on improving the market with qualities, however, textile defects are a great hindrance to them. This article looks at the standard reasons for commonly occurring defects in textiles by employing an SEM analysis. Playing an analytical role, SEM is a tool that allows one to obtain an image that is of a fully enlarged surface of the material. The analysis describes the diagnosis of some microstructural abnormalities such as fiber breakage, contamination of the surface, and irregularities in the spinning and weaving of different textile samples. SEM helps to understand the physical and chemical environments leading to these defects by facilitating the study of these deformities at the micro and nano scales. The investigation performs a defect root cause analysis where the link is made between the defect and a process of manufacture, the quality of raw materials used, or the state of the environment. This article demonstrates how textile manufacturers can use SEM textile defect diagnosis to make improvement recommendations that are actionable to enhance production and reduce the incidence of defects in the future.